Bad Breath (Halitosis)
Causes, Symptoms & Treatment
Bad breath affects up to 1 in 4 people. Learn what causes halitosis, the warning signs to look for, and how a professional dental assessment can help identify the right treatment for you.
New Patient Examination
Only £30 £95for new patients
Understanding Halitosis
What Is Bad Breath (Halitosis)?
Halitosis — commonly known as bad breath — is a persistent, unpleasant odour from the mouth that does not resolve with regular brushing alone. It affects an estimated 1 in 4 people and can have a significant impact on confidence and social interactions.
In approximately 85–90% of cases, the cause is oral — bacteria on the tongue, between teeth and below the gum line break down food particles and dead cells, producing volatile sulphur compounds (VSCs) that create the characteristic odour.
While temporary bad breath from food or drink is normal, persistent halitosis often indicates an underlying issue that benefits from professional assessment. At Dental Clinic London, our dentists and hygienists can help identify the cause and recommend appropriate next steps.
Symptoms & Warning Signs
Persistent bad taste
A lingering metallic, sour or unpleasant taste that does not resolve with brushing
White coating on tongue
A visible layer on the back of the tongue, often harbouring odour-causing bacteria
Bleeding gums
Gums that bleed when brushing or flossing may indicate gum disease contributing to halitosis
Dry mouth
A persistent feeling of dryness, often worse in the morning or after speaking
Receding gums
Gum recession can expose root surfaces and create spaces where bacteria collect
People reacting
Others stepping back or offering mints may be a social indicator of noticeable breath odour
If you notice any of these signs, a professional dental assessment can help identify the underlying cause.
Root Causes
Common Causes of Bad Breath
Understanding what causes halitosis is the first step towards effective management. Most causes are oral and can be addressed with professional care.
Poor oral hygiene
Bacteria accumulate on teeth, gums and tongue when brushing and flossing are inadequate
Gum disease
Gingivitis and periodontitis create deep pockets where bacteria thrive and produce odour
Tongue coating
A white or yellow coating on the back of the tongue harbours odour-producing bacteria
Dry mouth (xerostomia)
Reduced saliva flow — from medication, mouth breathing or medical conditions — allows bacteria to multiply
Food and drink
Garlic, onions, coffee and alcohol can cause temporary bad breath; smoking causes persistent odour
Dental infections
Untreated cavities, abscesses or impacted wisdom teeth can produce a foul smell
Why It Matters
Potential Implications of Untreated Halitosis
While bad breath itself is not a disease, it is often a symptom of an underlying oral health issue that may worsen without attention. Persistent halitosis is one of the earliest indicators of gum disease, which — if left untreated — can progress from gingivitis to periodontitis, potentially leading to gum recession, bone loss and tooth mobility.
Bad breath may also signal untreated dental decay, a dental abscess, or poorly fitting dental restorations that trap bacteria. In less common cases, persistent halitosis can be associated with systemic conditions such as gastro-oesophageal reflux, diabetes or respiratory infections.
Beyond the clinical implications, halitosis can significantly affect quality of life — causing embarrassment, social anxiety and reduced confidence in personal and professional interactions. Seeking a professional assessment is an important step in addressing both the cause and the impact.
How We Can Help
Treatment Options for Bad Breath
Treatment depends on the underlying cause. Following a professional assessment, your dentist or hygienist will recommend the most appropriate approach.
Professional Hygiene
A thorough scale and polish removes plaque and tartar that harbour bacteria. This is often the single most effective step in addressing halitosis caused by oral factors.
Learn MoreGum Disease Treatment
If gum disease is identified as the cause, your dentist or hygienist will recommend a tailored treatment plan which may include deep cleaning, improved home care and regular monitoring.
Learn MoreTongue Cleaning
Your hygienist may recommend using a tongue scraper or brushing the tongue as part of your daily routine to reduce bacterial load on the tongue surface.
Treatment of Dental Infections
Untreated cavities, abscesses or failing restorations can cause bad breath. Addressing these through fillings, root canal treatment or extraction removes the source of odour.
Learn MoreAirflow Cleaning
An advanced cleaning technique using a fine powder spray to remove stubborn staining and biofilm from teeth, leaving the mouth feeling exceptionally fresh and clean.
Learn MoreOngoing Maintenance
Regular hygiene appointments every 3 to 6 months, combined with effective daily brushing and flossing, help prevent halitosis from returning.
Learn MoreYour First Step
Professional Assessment at Dental Clinic London
If you are concerned about bad breath, a professional dental assessment is the most effective way to identify the cause. During your consultation, your dentist will examine your teeth, gums, tongue and soft tissues, and may take X-rays to check for hidden decay or infection.
If an oral cause is identified, your dentist or hygienist will recommend a tailored treatment plan — which may include a professional hygiene appointment, gum disease treatment, restorative work or improved home care guidance.
If no oral cause is found, your dentist may recommend a referral to your GP for further investigation of potential systemic causes.
What to Expect
- 1Comprehensive examination of teeth, gums and soft tissues
- 2Assessment of tongue coating and oral hygiene
- 3X-rays if clinically indicated to check for hidden issues
- 4Discussion of your medical history and any relevant medications
- 5Diagnosis and explanation of the likely cause
- 6Personalised treatment plan or referral if appropriate
Transparent Pricing
Consultation & Hygiene Costs
We believe in clear, upfront pricing. Your dentist will always explain costs before any treatment begins.
| Treatment | Price |
|---|---|
| New Patient ExaminationIntroductory offer | £30 |
| Hygiene — First VisitFirst-time patients | £49 |
| Hygiene — Standard | £89 |
| Airflow CleaningAdvanced biofilm removal | £142 |
Prices are a guide and may vary depending on clinical need. Your dentist or hygienist will confirm costs before treatment.
Two Convenient Locations
Visit Us in Central London
South Kensington
Now Open20 Old Brompton Road, South Kensington, London SW7 3DL
Mon & Wed: 9 am – 6 pm
Tue & Thu: 9 am – 8 pm
Fri: 9 am – 5 pm
Sat & Sun: 10 am – 4 pm
1 min from South Kensington tube (District, Circle & Piccadilly)
City of London
Opening May 20265 Ave Maria Lane, City of London, London EC4M 7AQ
Mon – Fri: 8 am – 8 pm
Sat & Sun: Closed
3 min from St Paul's tube (Central line) · 5 min from Blackfriars
Common Questions
Bad Breath FAQ
Your Dental Team
Experienced Dentists & Hygienists
All our clinicians are GDC registered. Our hygienists specialise in preventive care and can help you achieve and maintain fresh, healthy breath.
Jack Button
Dental Hygienist
GDC: 244367
Laila Alhussein
Dental Hygienist
GDC: 328882
Dr. Yasha Y Shirazi
Principal Dentist & Clinical Director
GDC: 195843
Dr. Reza Davari
Dentist
GDC: 302422
Patient Reviews
What Our Patients Say
Related Services
Related Treatments & Conditions
Bad breath is often connected to other oral health conditions. Explore related services below.
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Your Safety Is Our Priority
Our South Kensington clinic is regulated by the Care Quality Commission (CQC) and all our clinicians are registered with the General Dental Council (GDC).
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CQC Provider: Medical and Dental Limited · Registration No. 1-20629579981
Concerned About Bad Breath?
A professional dental assessment can help identify the cause and recommend the right treatment. New patient examination only £30. Book online or call us today.
